{"id":7362,"date":"2023-07-31T10:35:11","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T13:35:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/?page_id=7362"},"modified":"2025-03-11T11:19:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T14:19:15","slug":"memory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/memory\/","title":{"rendered":"Preference responses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\" wp-block-heading has-text-align-center eplus-wrapper\"><strong>[Respostas de prefer\u00eancia]<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\" wp-block-video eplus-wrapper\"><video height=\"1080\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1080 \/ 1080;\" width=\"1080\" controls src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/286\/2025\/03\/Peixes-tem-boa-memoria.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">A good way to provide adequate positive stimulation in captive environments for fishes is by offering what they want, that is, some of their preferences. Thus, investigating and determining the preference responses of fishes can be a key factor in their overall welfare, an approach based on Marian Dawkins&#8217; proposition in her paper \u201cThrough Animal Eyes: What Behaviour Tells Us\u201d, published in 2006. Dawkins suggested that we should pay attention to the wants and needs of animals to improve their welfare. Over the years, research has shown that, much like humans, fishes have preferences for various environmental resources or characteristics.<br><br>Fish preferences can be assessed through preference tests, in which researchers offer two or more choice options for fishes and observe their behaviours. Fish responses are often surprisingly complex and individual, with some fishes exhibiting varying tastes or changing their choices over time. In the paper \u201cA History-Based Method to Estimate Animal Preference\u201d, published by Maia and Volpato in 2016, the authors investigated the preferences of Nile tilapia between green, yellow, red, and blue backgrounds. They proposed that only consistent choices over time should be considered as preferences. They also found significant individual variability in these responses, with some individuals even preferring more than one colour!<br><br>Similarly, when it comes to substrate size, tilapia showed individual variations in their preferences. However, a general pattern emerged, with many individuals avoiding gravel in favor of smaller substrates. This preference is likely linked to the substrate size that better suits their mouths, as this species forages and builds nests in the substrate. This was discussed in the paper \u201cIndividuality Matters for Substrate-Size Preference in Nile Tilapia Juveniles\u201d, from the same authors.<br><br>The complexity of fish preferences goes beyond simple choices. In another study by the same authors, when the most preferred item was removed from the test, fishes changed their previous preferences for the available options! This illustrates that their preferences are dynamic and influenced by environmental changes. Even different variables commonly used to infer fish preferences, such as visiting a resource or spending time with it, may yield distinct responses! In the paper \u201cShelter or Complexity? Nile Tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus<\/em>) Preference for Enrichment Structures Is a Matter of Time and Frequency of Visits\u201d, the authors showed that Nile tilapia prefers to visit shelter and complex structures similarly, but spend more time at the shelter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><span data-style=\"{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;iconBackground&quot;:false,&quot;activeIcon&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;iconBackgroundColor&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;iconBorder&quot;:false,&quot;iconBorderColor&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;iconBorderRadius&quot;:0}\" style=\"border-radius:0px\" class=\"eplus-icon eplusicon-genderless\"><\/span> <strong>TRADU\u00c7\u00c3O<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Uma boa maneira de fornecer est\u00edmulos positivos adequados em ambientes de cativeiro para os peixes \u00e9 oferecendo o que eles querem, ou seja, algumas de suas prefer\u00eancias. Assim, investigar e determinar as respostas de prefer\u00eancia dos peixes pode ser um fator chave para o seu bem-estar, uma abordagem baseada na proposta de Marian Dawkins em seu artigo &#8220;Through Animal Eyes: What Behaviour Tells Us&#8221;, publicado em 2006. Dawkins sugeriu que dever\u00edamos prestar mais aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s vontades e necessidades dos animais para melhorar seu bem-estar. Ao longo dos anos, as pesquisas v\u00eam mostrando que, assim como os humanos, os peixes t\u00eam prefer\u00eancias por diversos recursos ou caracter\u00edsticas ambientais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\" wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">As prefer\u00eancias dos peixes podem ser avaliadas por meio de testes de prefer\u00eancia, nos quais os pesquisadores oferecem duas ou mais op\u00e7\u00f5es de escolha para os peixes e observam seus comportamentos. As respostas dos peixes costumam ser surpreendentemente complexas e individuais, com alguns exibindo gostos variados ou mudando suas escolhas ao longo do tempo. No artigo &#8220;A History-Based Method to Estimate Animal Preference&#8221;, publicado por Maia e Volpato em 2016, os autores investigaram as prefer\u00eancias da til\u00e1pia-do-Nilo entre fundos verdes, amarelos, vermelhos e azuis. Eles propuseram que apenas escolhas consistentes ao longo do tempo devem ser consideradas como prefer\u00eancias. Tamb\u00e9m encontraram uma variabilidade individual significativa nessas respostas, com alguns indiv\u00edduos preferindo at\u00e9 mais de uma cor!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\" wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Da mesma forma, quando se trata de tamanho de substrato, a til\u00e1pia apresentou varia\u00e7\u00f5es individuais em suas prefer\u00eancias. No entanto, um padr\u00e3o geral emergiu, com muitos indiv\u00edduos evitando o cascalho em favor de substratos menores. Essa prefer\u00eancia est\u00e1 provavelmente associada ao tamanho do substrato que melhor se ajusta ao tamanho da boca dos animais, j\u00e1 que essa esp\u00e9cie se alimenta e constr\u00f3i ninhos no substrato. Isso foi discutido no artigo &#8220;Individuality Matters for Substrate-Size Preference in Nile Tilapia Juveniles&#8221;, dos mesmos autores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\" wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">A complexidade das prefer\u00eancias dos peixes vai al\u00e9m de escolhas simples. Em outro estudo dos mesmos autores, quando o item mais preferido foi removido do teste, os peixes mudaram suas prefer\u00eancias anteriores para as demais op\u00e7\u00f5es dispon\u00edveis! Isso ilustra que suas prefer\u00eancias s\u00e3o din\u00e2micas e influenciadas por mudan\u00e7as ambientais. Mesmo vari\u00e1veis diferentes comumente usadas para inferir as prefer\u00eancias dos peixes, como visitar um recurso ou passar tempo com ele, podem gerar respostas distintas! No artigo &#8220;Shelter or Complexity? Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Preference for Enrichment Structures Is a Matter of Time and Frequency of Visits&#8221;, os autores mostraram que a til\u00e1pia-do-Nilo prefere visitar abrigos e estruturas complexas de forma semelhante, mas passa mais tempo no abrigo.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Respostas de prefer\u00eancia] A good way to provide adequate positive stimulation in captive environments for fishes is by offering what they want, that is, some of their preferences. Thus, investigating and determining the preference responses of fishes can be a key factor in their overall welfare, an approach based on Marian Dawkins&#8217; proposition in her&#8230; <\/p>\n<div class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/memory\/\">Leia mais<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":624,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7362","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7362","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/624"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7362"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7362\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7515,"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7362\/revisions\/7515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/conscienciaanimal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7362"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}