{"id":314,"date":"2020-03-23T11:23:45","date_gmt":"2020-03-23T14:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/covid-19\/?p=314"},"modified":"2021-10-13T03:16:31","modified_gmt":"2021-10-13T06:16:31","slug":"quimica-do-coronavirus-parte-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/covid-19\/quimica-do-coronavirus-parte-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00edmica do coronav\u00edrus – Parte III"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Pesquisa e desenvolvimento de agentes qu\u00edmicos para o coronav\u00edrus<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Indo direto ao ponto, n\u00e3o existem f\u00e1rmacos para o tratamento de pacientes com COVID-19. O fato \u00e9 que nesse momento n\u00e3o tem no mercado nenhum f\u00e1rmaco ou vacina direcionado para conter a a\u00e7\u00e3o do coronav\u00edrus (SARS-CoV-2)<\/span>.\u00a0Uma variedade de medicamentos aprovados para outras indica\u00e7\u00f5es, bem como v\u00e1rios medicamentos em investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, est\u00e3o sendo estudados em v\u00e1rias centenas de ensaios cl\u00ednicos em andamento em todo o mundo.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Reposicionamento de f\u00e1rmacos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dado o longo processo de desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos, a estrat\u00e9gia de reaproveitamento de medicamentos tornou-se uma das solu\u00e7\u00f5es escolhidas para o tratamento imediato de indiv\u00edduos infectados com SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>

O reposicionamento ou reaproveitamento de medicamentos \u00e9 uma abordagem para acelerar o processo de descoberta de medicamentos atrav\u00e9s da identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de um novo uso cl\u00ednico de um medicamento existente aprovado para uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o diferente. Nesse contexto, dentre algumas f\u00e1rmacos j\u00e1 conhecido que s\u00e3o candidatos a tratar o COVID-2019\u00a0 tem-se o arbidol, cloroquinona, <\/span>lopinavir<\/span>, <\/span>remdesivir, etc .<\/span>[1]<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Pesquisadores na Fran\u00e7a publicaram um estudo em que trataram 20 pacientes com COVID-19 com hidroxicloroquina. [2]<\/a> Eles conclu\u00edram que o medicamento mostrava a\u00e7\u00e3o antiviral positiva, no entanto, n\u00e3o foi um estudo controlado randomizado e n\u00e3o relatou resultados cl\u00ednicos, como \u00f3bitos. Em orienta\u00e7\u00e3o publicada na sexta-feira, a Sociedade Americana de Medicina Intensiva disse que “n\u00e3o h\u00e1 evid\u00eancias suficientes para emitir uma recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o sobre o uso de cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina em adultos gravemente enfermos com COVID-19”. [3]<\/a> Diante das evid\u00eancias controversas, ainda h\u00e1 muito caminho pela frente quanto ao uso satisfat\u00f3rio de cloroquina no tratamento de pacientes com COVID-2019. Mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre os ensaios podem ser encontradas em: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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A ribavirina \u00e9 um medicamento antiviral aprovado pelo FDA, que \u00e9\u00a0 usado em combina\u00e7\u00e3o com outros medicamentos para o tratamento da infec\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00f4nica pelo v\u00edrus da hepatite C e febres hemorr\u00e1gicas virais. Produzindo uma atividade de amplo espectro contra v\u00e1rios v\u00edrus de RNA e DNA, a ribavirina \u00e9 um nucleos\u00eddeo sint\u00e9tico de guanosina que interfere na s\u00edntese de mRNA viral. Atualmente, estudos recentes sugerem que a ribavirina em combina\u00e7\u00e3o com interferon ou lopinavi\/ritonavir\u00a0 poderia ser eficaz para tratar a infec\u00e7\u00e3o por COVID-19. [1]<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Atualmente, pelo menos nove ensaios cl\u00ednicos sobre lopinavir\/ritonavir est\u00e3o em andamento na China. O resultado inicial sugeriu que o lopinavir e o ritonavir mostram atividade estimulante antiCOVID-19 in vivo<\/em>, mas com efeitos colaterais intestinais.[4] <\/a>No entanto, estudo em pacientes adultos hospitalizados com Covid-19 em seu est\u00e1gio grave n\u00e3o demonstrou nenhum benef\u00edcio significativo. [5]<\/a> Adicionalmente,\u00a0<\/span>Uma dose fixa da combina\u00e7\u00e3o anti-HIV, lopinavir-ritonavir, est\u00e1 atualmente em ensaios cl\u00ednicos com Arbidol ou ribavirina. [1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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O medicamento antiviral de amplo espectro Arbidol, que funciona como um inibidor da fus\u00e3o de c\u00e9lulas hospedeiras de v\u00edrus, entrou em um ensaio cl\u00ednico para tratamento de SARS-CoV-2. O arbidol \u00e9 capaz de impedir a entrada viral nas c\u00e9lulas hospedeiras contra o v\u00edrus influenza. [1]<\/a> Ser\u00e1 que o arbidol vai funcionar para o tratamento da COVID-2019?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Desenvolvimento de vacina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00c9 crucial o desenvolvimento de vacinas seguras e eficazes para controlar a pandemia de COVID-19, eliminar sua propaga\u00e7\u00e3o e, finalmente, impedir sua recorr\u00eancia futura. Como o v\u00edrus SARS-CoV-2 compartilha homologia de sequ\u00eancia significativa com outros dois coronav\u00edrus letais, SARS e MERS (Para entender um pouco mais sobre SARS e MERS, visite nosso primeiro post dessa s\u00e9rie: Qu\u00edmica do coronav\u00edrus – parte I<\/strong>), as vacinas identificadas nessas patentes relacionadas aos v\u00edrus SARS e MERS poderiam facilitar o projeto de vacinas anti-SARS-CoV-2.\u00a0[1]<\/a><\/p>

A primeira dose da vacina contra o coronav\u00edrus denominada mRNA-1273, [1]<\/a> desenvolvida pelos Institutos Nacionais de Sa\u00fade dos EUA (NIH) e pela equipe de pesquisa de doen\u00e7as infecciosas da Moderna, foi administrada ao primeiro participante do estudo de Fase 1 em 16 de mar\u00e7o. A vacina de mRNA se baseia em mol\u00e9culas sint\u00e9ticas de RNA mensageiro (mRNA) \u2013 que cont\u00eam as instru\u00e7\u00f5es para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de alguma prote\u00edna reconhec\u00edvel pelo sistema imunol\u00f3gico. A ideia \u00e9 que a defesa do organismo reconhe\u00e7a essas prote\u00ednas artificiais como um corpo estranho, levando o corpo a combat\u00ea-lo. Se der certo,\u00a0 na presen\u00e7a do coronav\u00edrus, a c\u00e9lula ter\u00e1 desenvolvido a habilidade de identificar e combater o v\u00edrus real.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00c1 luz do exposto, nota-se um esfor\u00e7o conjunto para desenvolver medicamentos e vacinas eficazes contra infec\u00e7\u00f5es de coronav\u00edrus existentes e potenciais e outros surtos de v\u00edrus altamente patog\u00eanicos \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio para reduzir os impactos na vida humana e nos sistemas de sa\u00fade em todo o mundo. Dado o processo oneroso e \u00e1rduo envolvido no desenvolvimento cl\u00ednico de medicamentos, o surto de COVID-19 destaca o valor do desenvolvimento de medicamentos antivirais de amplo espectro e a import\u00e2ncia de aplicar abordagens inovadoras, como intelig\u00eancia artificial, para facilitar a descoberta de medicamentos.  <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nesse momento, somos todos respons\u00e1veis pelo avan\u00e7o da infec\u00e7\u00e3o do coronav\u00edrus.\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Fiquem em casa e evitem a transmiss\u00e3o do v\u00edrus!<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mapa de coronav\u00edrus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A pandemia de coronav\u00edrus afetou mais de 329.000 pessoas, segundo dados oficiais. Na manh\u00e3 de segunda-feira, pelo menos 14.522 pessoas morreram e o v\u00edrus foi detectado em pelo menos 161 pa\u00edses, como mostram esses mapas. Para rastreamento do surto global em tempo real, click AQUI<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Situation Reports 1\u201345;\u00a0World Health Organization<\/span>,\u00a02020<\/span>.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Refer\u00eancia bibliogr\u00e1fica<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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1.<\/a>\u00a0Liu, Cynthia, Qiongqiong Zhou, Yingzhu Li, Linda V. Garner, Steve P. Watkins, Linda J. Carter, Jeffrey Smoot, et al. \u201cResearch and Development on Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines for COVID-19 and Related Human Coronavirus Diseases.\u201d ACS Central Science, March 12, 2020, acscentsci.0c00272.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00272.<\/a><\/p>

2.<\/a> Gautret P, Lagier J, Parola P, Hoang V, Meddeb L, Mailhe M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. In Press. http:\/\/www.mediterranee-infection.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Hydroxychloroquine_final_DOI_IJAA.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>

3.<\/a> Kupferschmidt, Kai. \u201cWHO Launches Global Megatrial of the Four Most Promising Coronavirus Treatments.\u201d Science, March 22, 2020.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abb8497<\/a><\/p>

4.<\/a> Liu, Wei, Hai-Liang Zhu, and Yongtao Duan. \u201cEffective Chemicals against Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China.\u201d Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, March 5, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1568026620999200305145032.<\/a><\/p>

5.<\/a> Cao, Bin, Yeming Wang, Danning Wen, Wen Liu, Jingli Wang, Guohui Fan, Lianguo Ruan, et al. \u201cA Trial of Lopinavir\u2013Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19.\u201d New England Journal of Medicine, March 18, 2020, NEJMoa2001282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2001282.<\/a><\/p>

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Os argumentos expressos nos posts deste especial s\u00e3o dos pesquisadores, produzidos a partir de seus campos de pesquisa cient\u00edfica e atua\u00e7\u00e3o profissional e foi revisado por pares da mesma \u00e1rea t\u00e9cnica-cient\u00edfica da Unicamp.\nN\u00e3o, necessariamente, representam a vis\u00e3o da Unicamp. Essas opini\u00f5es n\u00e3o substituem conselhos m\u00e9dicos.\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\teditorial<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pesquisa e desenvolvimento de agentes qu\u00edmicos para o coronav\u00edrus Indo direto ao ponto, n\u00e3o existem f\u00e1rmacos para o tratamento de pacientes com COVID-19. O fato \u00e9 que nesse momento n\u00e3o tem no mercado nenhum f\u00e1rmaco ou vacina direcionado para conter a a\u00e7\u00e3o do coronav\u00edrus (SARS-CoV-2).\u00a0Uma variedade de medicamentos aprovados para […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[58,8,26,13,49],"class_list":["post-314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-coronavirus","tag-corona","tag-coronavirus","tag-covid","tag-covid-19","tag-quimica"],"yoast_head":"\nQu\u00edmica do coronav\u00edrus - Parte III - Especial COVID-19 | Blogs Unicamp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00daltimas postagens da rede de Blogs de Ci\u00eancias da Unicamp sobre o surto do novo coronavirus (2019-nCoV)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/covid-19\/quimica-do-coronavirus-parte-iii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu\u00edmica do coronav\u00edrus - 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