{"id":1082,"date":"2011-11-14T13:30:00","date_gmt":"2011-11-14T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scienceblogs.com.br\/hypercubic\/2011\/11\/estados-unidos-singular-ou-plural\/"},"modified":"2011-11-14T13:30:00","modified_gmt":"2011-11-14T16:30:00","slug":"estados-unidos-singular-ou-plural","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/hypercubic\/2011\/11\/estados-unidos-singular-ou-plural\/","title":{"rendered":"&gt;Estados Unidos: singular ou plural?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&gt;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00c9 uma velha d\u00favida que nos atormenta na hora de escrever sobre a Grande Rep\u00fablica do Norte:&nbsp;\u201cEstados Unidos <i>\u00e9<\/i> um pa\u00eds\u201d&nbsp;ou&nbsp;\u201cEstados Unidos <i>s\u00e3o <\/i>um pa\u00eds\u201d? Aparentemente, a d\u00favida tamb\u00e9m tem atormentado os <span style=\"background-color: white;line-height: 19px;text-align: -webkit-auto\"><span class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"font-family: inherit\">estado-unidenses<\/span><\/span><i>&nbsp;<\/i>ao longo de sua Hist\u00f3ria.&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\">Na reda\u00e7\u00e3o dos primeiros documentos ap\u00f3s a Independ\u00eancia, os Pais Fundadores tendiam a usar o <i>plural<\/i>. Em 1783, por exemplo, John Adams escreveu: \u201cThe United States <i>are <\/i>another object of debate\u201d [\u201cOs Estados Unidos <i>s\u00e3o <\/i>outro assunto de debate\u201d].&nbsp;Mais de meio s\u00e9culo mais tarde, a 13\u00aa. Emenda proclamava que a escravid\u00e3o n\u00e3o existir\u00e1&nbsp;\u201cno interior dos Estados Unidos ou em qualquer lugar sujeito \u00e0s <i>suas <\/i>jurisdi\u00e7\u00f5es.\u201d&nbsp;Ou, no original: \u201cwithin the United States, or any place subject to <i>their <\/i>jurisdiction.\u201d<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\">Apesar da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rica do plural, muitos argumentam que o resultado da Guerra Civil \u2014 iniciada, ironicamente, pela 13\u00aa.&nbsp;Emenda&nbsp;\u2014 estabeleceu uma unifica\u00e7\u00e3o em sentido moderno nos Estados Unidos. Isto \u00e9, na denomina\u00e7\u00e3o da rep\u00fablica norte-americana, a \u00eanfase passou a ser mais <i>a Uni\u00e3o<\/i>&nbsp;(com sua singularidade) do que <i>os Estados<\/i> (com sua pluralidade).&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\">Como n\u00e3o h\u00e1 nada equivalente a uma Academia Americana de Letras, a quest\u00e3o nunca foi oficialmente resolvida (At\u00e9 h\u00e1 uma&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: white;line-height: 19px;text-align: -webkit-auto\"><span class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"font-family: inherit\">American Academy of Arts and Letters. Entretanto, tal academia \u00e9 muito mais um clube honor\u00e1rio do que uma autoridade normativa)<\/span><\/span>. V\u00e1rios escritores consagrados e jornalistas j\u00e1 usavam o singular <i>antes <\/i>da guerra ou continuaram usando o plural <i>ap\u00f3s <\/i>o conflito. O poeta e jornalista William Cullen Bryan (1794-1878), por exemplo, baniu o uso do singular no <i>New York Evening Post<\/i> em 1870. Ambrose Bierce (1842-1913?) ainda pressionava pelo uso do plural em 1909.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\">Lentamente, por\u00e9m, a imprensa foi se fechando em torno do singular. Isso se deu tanto pela aus\u00eancia de flex\u00e3o de artigos na l\u00edngua inglesa \u2014 especialmente do artigo definido, <i>the <\/i>\u2014 quanto por raz\u00f5es pol\u00edticas.&nbsp;Em 1887, um escritor declarou ao <i>Washington Post<\/i> que&nbsp;\u201ca guerra havia&nbsp;resolvido para sempre a quest\u00e3o gramatical. [&#8230;] A rendi\u00e7\u00e3o de Mr. Davis e do Gen. Lee significou uma transi\u00e7\u00e3o do plural para o singular.\u201d&nbsp;Oito anos mais tarde, o <i>New York Times<\/i> observava que&nbsp;\u201cA rebeli\u00e3o tornou as ideias de direito e de soberania dos Estados bastante desagrad\u00e1vel \u00e0s pessoas leais e resultou na correspondente proemin\u00eancia e popularidade da ideia de nacionalidade.\u201d&nbsp;O diplomata John W. Foster (1836-1917), em artigo numa edi\u00e7\u00e3o do <i>NYT<\/i> de 1901, confirmou que&nbsp;\u201cdesde a guerra civil, a tend\u00eancia tem se inclinado para esse uso\u201d, isto \u00e9,&nbsp;o singular.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\">Em portugu\u00eas, ambas as formas s\u00e3o aceitas, mas em diferentes contextos. Quando h\u00e1 artigo, usa-se o plural: \u201c<i>Os <\/i>Estados Unidos <i>s\u00e3o <\/i>um pa\u00eds da Am\u00e9rica do Norte.\u201d Sem artigo, usa-se o singular: \u201cEstados Unidos <i>\u00e9<\/i> um pa\u00eds da Am\u00e9rica do Norte.\u201d<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&gt; \u00c9 uma velha d\u00favida que nos atormenta na hora de escrever sobre a Grande Rep\u00fablica do Norte:&nbsp;\u201cEstados Unidos \u00e9 um pa\u00eds\u201d&nbsp;ou&nbsp;\u201cEstados Unidos s\u00e3o um pa\u00eds\u201d? Aparentemente, a d\u00favida tamb\u00e9m tem atormentado os estado-unidenses&nbsp;ao longo de sua Hist\u00f3ria.&nbsp; Na reda\u00e7\u00e3o dos primeiros documentos ap\u00f3s a Independ\u00eancia, os Pais Fundadores tendiam a usar o plural. Em [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":486,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"material-hide-sections":[],"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[79,125,160,178,194,322],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-curiosidades","category-fica-a-dica","category-historia","category-ingles","category-linguistica","category-utilidades"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&gt;Estados Unidos: singular ou plural? - hypercubic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/hypercubic\/2011\/11\/estados-unidos-singular-ou-plural\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Renato Pincelli\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/estados-unidos-singular-ou-plural\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/estados-unidos-singular-ou-plural\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Renato Pincelli\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c7be1e2811d061a75d3b4f4960eb53bd\"},\"headline\":\"&gt;Estados Unidos: singular ou plural?\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-11-14T16:30:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/estados-unidos-singular-ou-plural\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":510,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"curiosidades\",\"fica a dica\",\"hist\u00f3ria\",\"ingl\u00eas\",\"lingu\u00edstica\",\"utilidades\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/estados-unidos-singular-ou-plural\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/estados-unidos-singular-ou-plural\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/estados-unidos-singular-ou-plural\\\/\",\"name\":\"&gt;Estados Unidos: singular ou plural? 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