{"id":2613,"date":"2012-04-18T12:00:40","date_gmt":"2012-04-18T15:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scienceblogs.com.br\/hypercubic\/?p=2613"},"modified":"2012-04-18T12:00:40","modified_gmt":"2012-04-18T15:00:40","slug":"as-flechadas-de-franklin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/hypercubic\/2012\/04\/as-flechadas-de-franklin\/","title":{"rendered":"As Flechadas de Franklin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Em carta ao general Charles Lee datada de fevereiro de 1776, Benjamin Franklin argumentava que o ex\u00e9rcito das col\u00f4nias deveria se armar com instrumentos tipicamente americanos \u2014 arcos e flechas. Franklin os considerava \u201cboas armas, insensatamente postas de lado\u201d. O inventor e diplomata americano apresentou seis raz\u00f5es para o uso estrat\u00e9gico de um arsenal low-tech<\/em>:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
    1.<\/strong> \u201cPorque um homem pode atirar t\u00e3o verdadeiramente com um arco quanto com um mosquete comum.\u201d<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    2.<\/strong> \u201cEle pode lan\u00e7ar quatro flechas no intervalo entre carregar e descarregar uma bala.\u201d<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    3.<\/strong> \u201cSeu alvo n\u00e3o lhe \u00e9 tirado de vista por fuma\u00e7a do seu pr\u00f3prio lado.\u201d<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    4.<\/strong> \u201cUma chuva de flechas, vista por baixo, aterroriza e perturba a aten\u00e7\u00e3o do inimigo.\u201d<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    5.<\/strong> \u201cUma flecha que acerte qualquer parte de um homem o p\u00f5e hors de combat<\/em> at\u00e9 que seja extra\u00edda.\u201d<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    6.<\/strong> \u201cArcos e flechas s\u00e3o mais f\u00e1ceis de se arranjar em qualquer lugar do que mosquetes e muni\u00e7\u00f5es.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Franklin tamb\u00e9m recomendava a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do pique (uma longa lan\u00e7a com ponta de a\u00e7o, comum na Idade M\u00e9dia). Mesmo que n\u00e3o tenham sido postas em pr\u00e1tica, as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es militares de Franklin continuaram a ser debatidas muito tempo ap\u00f3s a Revolu\u00e7\u00e3o Americana.<\/p>\n

    Um te\u00f3rico calculou que, em 22 de maio de 1794, na Batalha de Tournay<\/a>, os franceses revolucion\u00e1rios e a coaliz\u00e3o antirepublicana (\u00c1ustria, Gr\u00e3-Bretanha e Han\u00f4ver) trocaram 1.280.000 tiros. Com estimadas 8.500 baixas de ambos os lados, o resultado foi uma m\u00e9dia de 150 disparos para cada baixa, \u201co que evidentemente aparece em favor do arco, em termos da certeza de seu tiro, de n\u00e3o mais de 20 [disparos] para 1 [morte].\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Em carta ao general Charles Lee datada de fevereiro de 1776, Benjamin Franklin argumentava que o ex\u00e9rcito das col\u00f4nias deveria se armar com instrumentos tipicamente americanos \u2014 arcos e flechas. Franklin os considerava \u201cboas armas, insensatamente postas de lado\u201d. O inventor e diplomata americano apresentou seis raz\u00f5es para o uso estrat\u00e9gico de um arsenal low-tech: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":486,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"material-hide-sections":[],"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[79,160,218],"tags":[1450,1624,3047],"class_list":["post-2613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-curiosidades","category-historia","category-militarismo","tag-estrategia","tag-franklin","tag-sec-xviii"],"yoast_head":"\nAs Flechadas de Franklin - hypercubic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/hypercubic\/2012\/04\/as-flechadas-de-franklin\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Renato Pincelli\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minuto\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/2012\\\/04\\\/as-flechadas-de-franklin\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/2012\\\/04\\\/as-flechadas-de-franklin\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Renato Pincelli\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c7be1e2811d061a75d3b4f4960eb53bd\"},\"headline\":\"As Flechadas de Franklin\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-04-18T15:00:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/2012\\\/04\\\/as-flechadas-de-franklin\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":284,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\\\/hypercubic\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"estrat\u00e9gia\",\"Franklin\",\"s\u00e9c. 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