{"id":5591,"date":"2013-07-24T15:30:51","date_gmt":"2013-07-24T18:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scienceblogs.com.br\/hypercubic\/?p=5591"},"modified":"2013-07-24T15:30:51","modified_gmt":"2013-07-24T18:30:51","slug":"eixos-engrenagens-e-motores-pensantes-1948","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/hypercubic\/2013\/07\/eixos-engrenagens-e-motores-pensantes-1948\/","title":{"rendered":"Eixos, engrenagens e motores pensantes (1948)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\">A n\u00e3o ser que voc\u00ea pudesse ver todos os milh\u00f5es de el\u00e9trons se movimentando pelos microcircuitos de uma placa-m\u00e3e, observar o funcionamento de um computador eletr\u00f4nico n\u00e3o \u00e9 l\u00e1 muito instigante. Ao menos nesse aspecto um computador mec\u00e2nico \u00e9 muito superior a qualquer <em>gadget<\/em> de bolso.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Ao contr\u00e1rio da inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o quase instant\u00e2nea dos sistemas atuais, um sistema mec\u00e2nico precisava de v\u00e1rios passos de <em>setup<\/em> antes de qualquer processamento, mesmo que fosse s\u00f3 para calcular 2+2. Ainda que seja bastante limitado para qualquer padr\u00e3o computacional de hoje em dia, o <em>analisador diferencial<\/em> inventado por <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vannevar_Bush\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vannevar Bush<\/a> (1890-1974) \u00e9 uma coisa linda de se ver.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/vimeo.com\/70589461\">UCLA&#8217;s 1948 Mechanical Computer<\/a> from <a href=\"http:\/\/vimeo.com\/gizmodo\">Gizmodo<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\">Vimeo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Entretanto, o \u201cc\u00e9rebro mec\u00e2nico\u201d n\u00e3o era assim t\u00e3o imbecil: as quatro (grandes) m\u00e1quinas que a UCLA (Universidade da Calif\u00f3rnia &#8211; Los Angeles) usava em 1948 serviam para fazer c\u00e1lculos de trajet\u00f3rias ou for\u00e7as de impacto para a ind\u00fastria aeron\u00e1utica. Durante o processamento, o resultado ia sendo literalmente desenhado para que os engenheiros os entendessem. Segundo uma <a href=\"http:\/\/www.engineer.ucla.edu\/explore\/history\/major-research-highlights\/the-thinking-machine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">p\u00e1gina da UCLA<\/a>,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Georgia\">A primeira m\u00e1quina recebida, o analisador diferencial mec\u00e2nico da General Electric, consistia de um sistema de eixos, motores, engrenagens e elementos eletromec\u00e2nicos. A m\u00e1quina emprega esses elementos mec\u00e2nicos, ronronando, sussurrando e tilintando, para fazer adi\u00e7\u00e3o, subtra\u00e7\u00e3o, multiplica\u00e7\u00e3o e divis\u00e3o e os elementos eletromec\u00e2nicos para fun\u00e7\u00f5es mais complexas. [&#8230;] Catorze dispositivos altamente sens\u00edveis eram instalados na m\u00e1quina, permitindo assim solu\u00e7\u00f5es r\u00e1pidas e precisas de equa\u00e7\u00f5es diferenciais que exigem at\u00e9 catorze integra\u00e7\u00f5es simult\u00e2neas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Ainda segundo a UCLA, seus c\u00e9rebros mec\u00e2nicos continuaram a ser utilizados at\u00e9 o come\u00e7o dos anos 1960. Em 1977, foram doados ao Smithsonian Institute como <em>memorabilia<\/em> dos prim\u00f3rdios da computa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">[via <a href=\"http:\/\/paleofuture.gizmodo.com\/uclas-1948-mechanical-computer-was-simply-gorgeous-to-830721054\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paleofuture<\/a>]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A n\u00e3o ser que voc\u00ea pudesse ver todos os milh\u00f5es de el\u00e9trons se movimentando pelos microcircuitos de uma placa-m\u00e3e, observar o funcionamento de um computador eletr\u00f4nico n\u00e3o \u00e9 l\u00e1 muito instigante. Ao menos nesse aspecto um computador mec\u00e2nico \u00e9 muito superior a qualquer gadget de bolso. Ao contr\u00e1rio da inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o quase instant\u00e2nea dos sistemas atuais, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":486,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"material-hide-sections":[],"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[145,177,206,326],"tags":[510,935,3399],"class_list":["post-5591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-futuro-do-passado","category-informatica","category-mecanica","category-videos","tag-analisador-diferencial","tag-cerebro-mecanico","tag-vannevar-bush"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Eixos, engrenagens e motores pensantes (1948) - 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