{"id":1096,"date":"2021-02-10T00:00:01","date_gmt":"2021-02-10T03:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/linhadefundo\/?p=1096"},"modified":"2021-02-10T00:00:01","modified_gmt":"2021-02-10T03:00:01","slug":"como-funcionam-as-mascaras-n95-pff2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/linhadefundo\/2021\/02\/10\/como-funcionam-as-mascaras-n95-pff2\/","title":{"rendered":"Como funcionam as m\u00e1scaras N95 (PFF2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” admin_label=”cabecalho” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ background_color=”#ffc723″ saved_tabs=”all”][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”Cap\u00edtulo 6″ subhead=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IiIsImFmdGVyIjoiIn19@” text_orientation=”center” button_one_text=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9jYXRlZ29yaWVzIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJsaW5rX3RvX3Rlcm1fcGFnZSI6Im9uIiwic2VwYXJhdG9yIjoiIHwgIiwiY2F0ZWdvcnlfdHlwZSI6ImNhdGVnb3J5In19@” logo_image_url=”https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/linhadefundo\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/268\/2021\/10\/sintomasblue.png” content_max_width_tablet=”” content_max_width_phone=”” content_max_width_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”T\u00cdTULO” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ _dynamic_attributes=”title,button_one_text,subhead” title_font=”Aclonica||||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#ff5413″ title_font_size=”25px” content_text_color=”#100617″ subhead_font=”Aclonica||||||||” subhead_text_color=”#000b1c” subhead_font_size=”40px” subhead_line_height=”1.1em” background_color=”#ffc723″ custom_button_one=”on” button_one_text_color=”#ff5413″ button_one_icon=”%%36%%” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” title_font_size_last_edited=”off|phone” subhead_font_size_tablet=”” subhead_font_size_phone=”” subhead_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” border_color_all_image=”#100617″ title__hover_enabled=”on|desktop”]<\/p>\n

p.51-54<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”meta” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ background_color=”#eeeeee” background_enable_image=”off” parallax=”on” min_height=”618px” max_height=”672px” max_height_tablet=”1000px” max_height_phone=”” max_height_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin=”||-1px|||” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”||0px|||” top_divider_style=”slant2″ top_divider_color=”#ffc723″ top_divider_flip=”vertical” top_divider_height_tablet=”72px” top_divider_height_phone=”40px” top_divider_height_last_edited=”on|desktop”][et_pb_row admin_label=”faixa bege” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.6″][et_pb_text admin_label=”data e autores” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ text_text_color=”#917881″ text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1em” background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” background_enable_image=”off” text_orientation=”center” custom_padding=”|0px||0px|false|false” text_font_size_tablet=”” text_font_size_phone=”14px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone”]10 de fevereiro de 2021
\nEduardo Akio Sato
\n_______<\/p>\n

Revis\u00e3o: \u00c9rica Mariosa Moreira Carneiro
\nEdi\u00e7\u00e3o: Ana de Medeiros Arnt
\nArte: Carolina Frandsen P. Costa [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle open=”on” icon_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” admin_label=”caixa trecho inicial” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ body_font_size=”18px” background_color=”#eeeeee” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||50px||false|false” border_width_all=”4px” border_color_all=”#100617″ box_shadow_style=”preset4″ box_shadow_color=”#ff5413″]<\/p>\n

As m\u00e1scaras N95 se provaram grandes aliadas no combate a pandemia de COVID-19, sendo um equipamento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o essencial para os profissionais da sa\u00fade. Mas voc\u00ea sabe como elas funcionam? O mecanismo por tr\u00e1s dos processos de filtra\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma excelente aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da F\u00edsica no nosso cotidiano!<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Uyqdfo3Q9i1EB82m1zublpiS063EBoqe\/view?usp=sharing” button_text=”Baixar cap\u00edtulo” button_alignment=”center” admin_label=”BAIXAR CAPITULO” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ custom_button=”on” button_border_color=”#100617″ button_icon=”%%1%%” button_icon_color=”#ff5413″ custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”||0px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”||9px|||” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”||||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” box_shadow_style=”preset4″ box_shadow_color=”#9b858d”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”trecho contagem” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ _dynamic_attributes=”link_option_url” background_color=”#000b1c” min_height=”381.4px” min_height_tablet=”247.2px” min_height_phone=”321.4px” min_height_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_margin=”-9px||||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”57px||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”57px||-2px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”0px||0px|0px|false|false” link_option_url=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjI1OSJ9fQ==@” link_option_url_new_window=”on” module_alignment_tablet=”” module_alignment_phone=”” module_alignment_last_edited=”on|tablet” locked=”off”][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Desk + Mobile” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” max_width_tablet=”” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_margin=”0px|auto||auto||” custom_margin_tablet=”-95px|auto||auto||” custom_margin_phone=”-82px|auto||auto||” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”85px|||0px||” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”0px||||false|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.6″][et_pb_text admin_label=”Texto” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ text_text_color=”#d6cdce” text_font_size=”18px” background_color=”#000b1c” width=”100%” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” min_height=”72px” custom_margin=”0px||13px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”0px||-49px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”46px|-100px|0px|-100px|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”|0px|0px|20px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” text_font_size_tablet=”” text_font_size_phone=”16px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone”]<\/p>\n

Semana epidemiol\u00f3gica #106<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_number_counter title=”M\u00e9dia m\u00f3vel de novos casos no Brasil, na ocasi\u00e3o de publica\u00e7\u00e3o deste texto” number=”46026″ admin_label=”contador m\u00e9dia m\u00f3vel” _builder_version=”4.4.6″][\/et_pb_number_counter][et_pb_text admin_label=”Texto” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ text_text_color=”#d6cdce” text_font_size=”18px” background_color=”#000b1c” width=”100%” max_width=”100%” module_alignment=”center” min_height=”26.2px” custom_margin=”0px||13px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”|-100px|0px|-100px|false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”|0px|0px|20px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” text_font_size_tablet=”” text_font_size_phone=”16px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone”]<\/p>\n

1.361 \u00f3bitos registrados no dia (235.081 ao todo)<\/p>\n

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Adaptado de \u201cCole\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e1scara facial kn95 em diferentes perspectivas\u201d; licen\u00e7a gratuita por Freepik<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Uma primeira intui\u00e7\u00e3o nos diz que o tecido atua como uma esp\u00e9cie de \u201cpeneira\u201d, assim as part\u00edculas n\u00e3o conseguiriam passar pelas frestas das fibras do tecido, por\u00e9m a N95<\/text> n\u00e3o funciona assim! Ela \u00e9 pensada para barrar tanto part\u00edculas grandes quanto pequenas.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle open=”on” open_toggle_text_color=”#ff5413″ closed_toggle_background_color=”#000b1c” icon_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” admin_label=”se\u00e7\u00f5es do livro” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ title_text_color=”#ff5413″ title_font=”ABeeZee||||||||” title_font_size=”14px” background_color=”#ffffff” body_font_size_tablet=”” body_font_size_phone=”13px” body_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” border_width_left=”0px” box_shadow_style=”preset3″ box_shadow_blur=”7px” box_shadow_spread=”-12px” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

Nota dos Editores:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

No in\u00edcio de 2021 se falava muito ainda em m\u00e1scaras N95, que \u00e9 a terminologia internacional. No Brasil, atualmente, temos usado a terminologia brasileira, PFF2, que \u00e9 a sigla para Pe\u00e7a Facial Filtrante do tipo 2.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.6″]<\/p>\n

Talvez voc\u00ea j\u00e1 tenha visto insetos ou lagartos andando sobre a \u00e1gua. Isto acontece devido \u00e0 chamada \u201cFor\u00e7as de Van der waals<\/a>\u201d, uma fraca for\u00e7a de escala molecular bastante importante na Qu\u00edmica. Essa mesma for\u00e7a faz com que o material particulado, que tente passar pelo filtro da m\u00e1scara, grude em suas fibras n\u00e3o permitindo sua passagem. Logo, a m\u00e1scara \u00e9 mais parecida com uma teia de aranha do que uma peneira.<\/p>\n

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Imagem de microscopia eletr\u00f4nica de um filtro da m\u00e1scara N95. Fonte: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology<\/p><\/div>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.6″]<\/p>\n

Para aumentar a chance de filtragem, as N95 possuem v\u00e1rias camadas de fibras, o que aumenta bastante a probabilidade de uma part\u00edcula encontrar uma fibra em seu caminho. Part\u00edculas grandes (cerca de 1 micr\u00f4metro) n\u00e3o tem sua trajet\u00f3ria muito afetada pelo fluxo de ar e costumam se locomover em linha reta, com altas probabilidades de grudar no filtro.<\/p>\n

Part\u00edculas pequenas (cerca de 0,1 micr\u00f4metro) se chocam a todo momento com as mol\u00e9culas do ar, realizando um movimento aleat\u00f3rio conhecido como movimento browniano. Esse movimento, que pode ser imaginado como o caminhar de um b\u00eabado, aumenta a probabilidade dessas part\u00edculas encontrarem uma fibra e serem filtradas.<\/p>\n

O maior problema s\u00e3o as part\u00edculas de tamanho intermedi\u00e1rio (aproximadamente 0,4 micr\u00f4metros), pois essas costumam seguir o fluxo de ar e podem acabar escapando da filtragem. Lembre-se que o fluxo de ar sempre existe, pois o usu\u00e1rio da m\u00e1scara est\u00e1 respirando.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Ilustrado a partir de frames (selecionados pelo autor) do v\u00eddeo de Minute Physics. The astounding physics of n95 masks. 2020. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.youtube. com\/watch?v=eAdanPfQdCA<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Por\u00e9m, temos um truque a mais \u00e0 nossa disposi\u00e7\u00e3o! Podemos induzir uma carga eletrost\u00e1tica nos fios do filtro. Isto transforma-os em eletretos<\/strong>, que s\u00e3o parecidos com im\u00e3s, mas que geram campo el\u00e9trico ao inv\u00e9s de magn\u00e9tico. Esse campo el\u00e9trico atrai part\u00edculas de todos os tamanhos em dire\u00e7\u00e3o aos fios. Mesmo as part\u00edculas neutras s\u00e3o atra\u00eddas, pois as cargas dentro da part\u00edcula se rearranjam, criando regi\u00f5es positivas e negativas na part\u00edcula.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Ilustrado a partir de frame (selecionado pelo autor) do v\u00eddeo de Minute Physics. The astounding physics of n95 masks. 2020. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.youtube. com\/watch?v=eAdanPfQdCA<\/p><\/div>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” admin_label=”faixa azul escura” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)”][et_pb_fullwidth_header text_orientation=”center” header_fullscreen=”on” header_scroll_down=”on” scroll_down_icon=”%%2%%” scroll_down_icon_size=”23px” background_overlay_color=”#000b1c” logo_image_url=”https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/linhadefundo\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/268\/2021\/11\/100pxplanet-covid-icon.png” admin_label=”TRECHO DESTACADO” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ title_font=”Akronim||||||||” title_text_color=”#eeeeee” content_font=”|300|||||||” content_text_color=”#eeeeee” content_font_size=”23px” background_color=”rgba(255,199,35,0)” background_image=”https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/linhadefundo\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/268\/2021\/11\/fundo_bolinhas.png” parallax=”on” module_alignment=”center” scroll_vertical_motion_enable=”off” scroll_horizontal_motion_enable=”off” motion_trigger_start=”top” border_width_all_image=”0px”]<\/p>\n

“<\/h1>\n

Estes processos em conjunto d\u00e3o uma efici\u00eancia enorme para as m\u00e1scaras N95, proporcionando uma filtragem de material particulado de pelo menos 95% (segundo a norma estadunidense)! Uma incr\u00edvel aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da F\u00edsica, n\u00e3o acham? Mas infelizmente, devido a carga eletrost\u00e1tica n\u00e3o podemos lavar a m\u00e1scara, o que a torna descart\u00e1vel.<\/strong><\/p>\n

“<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.4.6″][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.6″ custom_padding=”18px|||1px||”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.6″][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.6″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.6″]<\/p>\n

\n

Estes\u00a0processos em conjunto d\u00e3o uma efici\u00eancia enorme para as m\u00e1scaras N95, proporcionando uma filtragem de material particulado de pelo menos 95% (segundo a norma estadunidense)! Uma incr\u00edvel aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da F\u00edsica, n\u00e3o acham? Mas infelizmente, devido a carga eletrost\u00e1tica n\u00e3o podemos lavar a m\u00e1scara, o que a torna descart\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

OBS: existem nomenclaturas quase equivalentes para m\u00e1scaras de prote\u00e7\u00e3o dependendo do \u00f3rg\u00e3o regulador, como: KN95<\/text>, PFF-2 e FFP2.\u00a0\u25a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle open=”on” open_toggle_text_color=”#ff5413″ closed_toggle_background_color=”#000b1c” icon_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” admin_label=”se\u00e7\u00f5es do livro” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ title_text_color=”#ff5413″ title_font=”ABeeZee||||||||” title_font_size=”14px” background_color=”#ffffff” body_font_size_tablet=”” body_font_size_phone=”13px” body_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” border_width_left=”0px” box_shadow_style=”preset3″ box_shadow_blur=”7px” box_shadow_spread=”-12px” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

Nota dos Editores:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Apesar das m\u00e1scaras KN95 terem sido bastante divulgadas como iguais as N95, \u00e9 sabido que elas s\u00e3o um pouco menos eficientes do que as N95 per se<\/em>, apesar de ainda serem melhores do que m\u00e1scaras cir\u00fargicas e de pano.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle open=”on” icon_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0)” admin_label=”para saber mais” _builder_version=”4.4.6″ body_font_size=”14px” body_line_height=”1em” background_color=”#eeeeee” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||50px||false|false” body_text_color_tablet=”” body_text_color_phone=”” body_text_color_last_edited=”on|tablet” border_width_all=”4px” border_color_all=”#100617″ box_shadow_style=”preset4″ box_shadow_color=”#ff5413″]<\/p>\n

PARA SABER MAIS<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. N95 Respirators and Surgical Masks<\/em>. 2009. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/blogs.cdc.gov\/niosh-science-blog\/2009\/10\/14\/n95\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Minute Physics. The astounding physics of n95 masks<\/em>. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eAdanPfQdCA<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Okinawa Institute of Science and technology. N95-electrocharged filtration principle based face mask design using common materials<\/em>. 2020. Dispon\u00edvel em: https:\/\/groups.oist.jp\/nnp\/diy-face-mask<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

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