{"id":197,"date":"2009-07-14T22:30:10","date_gmt":"2009-07-15T01:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scienceblogs.com.br\/massacritica\/2009\/07\/projeto_manhattan_fotos\/"},"modified":"2009-07-14T22:30:10","modified_gmt":"2009-07-15T01:30:10","slug":"projeto_manhattan_fotos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/2009\/07\/14\/projeto_manhattan_fotos\/","title":{"rendered":"Projeto Manhattan &#8211; Oak Ridge e Hanford"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00e9rie de fotografias das instala\u00e7\u00f5es de enriquecimento de ur\u00e2nio e produ\u00e7\u00e3o de plut\u00f4nio, para constru\u00e7\u00e3o das bombas de Hiroshima e Nagasaki.<br \/>\nAs duas instala\u00e7\u00f5es fotografadas faziam parte do <a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Projeto_Manhattan\">Projeto Manhattan<\/a>, cujo objetivo era o desenvolvimento das primeiras armas nucleares durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. A terceira parte do projeto estava situada em <a href=\"http:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laborat%C3%B3rio_Nacional_de_Los_Alamos\">Los Alamos<\/a>.<br \/>\nCalutron alfa &#8211; Primeio est\u00e1gio, fonte de ur\u00e2nio para a bomba de Hiroshima, Oak Ridge, Tenesse 1943<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"alpha-calutrons-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/alpha-calutrons-11.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nUm <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calutron#The_alpha_calutron\">calutron<\/a> \u00e9 um espectr\u00f4metro de massas usado para separar is\u00f3topos de ur\u00e2nio.<br \/>\nCalutron alpha &#8211; bombeamento, primeio est\u00e1gio, fonte de ur\u00e2nio para a bomba de Hiroshima, Oak Ridge, Tenesse 1943<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"alpha-calutron-2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/alpha-calutron-2.jpg\" width=\"498\" height=\"623\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calutron#The_beta_calutron\">Calutron beta<\/a> &#8211; Segundo est\u00e1gio, fonte de ur\u00e2nio para a bomba de Hiroshima, Oak Ridge, Tenesse 1943<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"beta-calutron-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/beta-calutron-1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nReator X-10, planta piloto para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de plut\u00f4nio para a bomba de Nagasaki, Oak Ridge, Tenesse 1943<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"reator-x-10.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/reator-x-10.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nO <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X-10_Graphite_Reactor\">reator X-10<\/a> foi o segundo reator nuclear artificial a ser constru\u00eddo e o primeiro com projeto de opera\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua.<br \/>\nSistema de controle, planta piloto X-10 para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de plut\u00f4nio para a bomba de Nagasaki, Oak Ridge, Tenesse 1943<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"controle-x-10-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/controle-x-10-1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nPr\u00e9dio norte K-25, planta de Difus\u00e3o Gasosa para enriquecimento de ur\u00e2nio para a bomba de Hiroshima, Oak Ridge, Tenesse 1945<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"k-25-gas-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/k-25-gas-1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nO <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K-25\">processo de difus\u00e3o gasosa<\/a> \u00e9 baseado no princ\u00edpio de que mol\u00e9culas de um is\u00f3topo mais leve passar\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s de uma barreira porosa mais facilmente do que mol\u00e9culas com is\u00f3topos mais pesados. Uma s\u00e9rie de repeti\u00e7\u00f5es do processo gera uma separa\u00e7\u00e3o de ur\u00e2nio-235 do ur\u00e2nio-238.<br \/>\nSetor oeste da planta de difus\u00e3o gasosa K-25 para enriquecimento de ur\u00e2nio para a bomba de Hiroshima, Oark Ridge, Tenesse 1945<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K-25-oeste.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/K-25-oeste.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nEsta\u00e7\u00e3o e planta K-27 de difus\u00e3o gasosa para enriquecimento de ur\u00e2nio, Oak Ridge, Tenesse 1945-46<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"k-27.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/k-27.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nEmergency Air Sphere<\/em>, K-31 e K-33 plantas de difus\u00e3o gasosa para enriquecimento de ur\u00e2nio, Oak Ridge, Tenesse 1951 e 1954<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"esfera-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/esfera-1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nAndar de c\u00e9lulas, K31 planta de difus\u00e3o gasosa para enriquecimento de ur\u00e2nio, Oak Ridge, Tenesse 1951<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"k-31-andar.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/k-31-andar.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nReator B, fonte do plut\u00f4nio da bomba de Nagasaki, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"reator-b.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/reator-b.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nO <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B_Reactor\">Reator B<\/a> foi o primeiro reator constru\u00eddo para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de plut\u00f4nio em larga escala.<br \/>\nSala de controle do Reator B, fonte do plut\u00f4nio da bomba de Nagasaki, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"reator-B-controle.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/reator-B-controle.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nFace do Reator B, fonte do plut\u00f4nio da bomba de Nagasaki, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"face-reator.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/face-reator.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nSistema de v\u00e1lvulas de controle de \u00e1gua de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o do Reator B, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"valvulas-reator.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/valvulas-reator.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nCasa de bombeamento e motores, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"motores-bombas.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/motores-bombas.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nSubesta\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica e Reator B, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"estacao-eletrica.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/estacao-eletrica.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nTrilhos de trem e Reator B, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"trem-reator.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/trem-reator.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nTrem e pr\u00e9dio de estocagem, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"trem-predio-estoque.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/trem-predio-estoque.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nEntrada No 15 para a planta B, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"entrada-reator.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/entrada-reator.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nPlanta B para separa\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica de plut\u00f4nio dos produtos do reator, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"separacao-quimica.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/separacao-quimica.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nCaixa-forte de plut\u00f4nio Gable Mountain, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"caution-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/caution-1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nCaixa-forte de plut\u00f4nio Gable Mountain, Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington, 1944<br \/>\n<span class=\"mt-enclosure mt-enclosure-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"rese1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/211\/2011\/08\/rese1.jpg\" width=\"480\" height=\"384\" class=\"mt-image-none\" \/><\/span><br \/>\nVeja mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es em<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.photographyserved.com\/Gallery\/Slouching-towards-Bethlehem-___\/56780\">http:\/\/www.photographyserved.com\/Gallery\/Slouching-towards-Bethlehem-___\/56780<\/a><br \/>\nAs imagens originais est\u00e3o sob licen\u00e7a <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/\">CreativeCommons<\/a>.<br \/>\nVeja tamb\u00e9m<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/scienceblogs.com.br\/massacritica\/2009\/07\/primeira_usina_nuclear.php\">Fotos da primeira usina nuclear<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00e9rie de fotografias das instala\u00e7\u00f5es de enriquecimento de ur\u00e2nio e produ\u00e7\u00e3o de plut\u00f4nio, para constru\u00e7\u00e3o das bombas de Hiroshima e Nagasaki. As duas instala\u00e7\u00f5es fotografadas faziam parte do Projeto Manhattan, cujo objetivo era o desenvolvimento das primeiras armas nucleares durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. A terceira parte do projeto estava situada em Los Alamos. Calutron [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":465,"featured_media":198,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,10],"tags":[26],"class_list":["post-197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fisica","category-historia","tag-guerra"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/465"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/massacritica\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}