{"id":2363,"date":"2024-07-17T11:24:55","date_gmt":"2024-07-17T14:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/salav\/?p=2363"},"modified":"2024-07-17T11:24:56","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T14:24:56","slug":"o-enigma-do-azul-na-natureza-desvendando-a-iridescencia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/salav\/2024\/07\/17\/o-enigma-do-azul-na-natureza-desvendando-a-iridescencia\/","title":{"rendered":"O ENIGMA DO AZUL NA NATUREZA: DESVENDANDO A IRIDESC\u00caNCIA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Voc\u00ea j\u00e1 se perguntou sobre a origem das cores que percebemos ou j\u00e1 ouviu falar da iridesc\u00eancia? \u00a0 Apesar de estar presente no c\u00e9u e no mar, o azul \u00e9 escasso na natureza, mas por que? Ser\u00e1 que essa cor acarreta alguma desvantagem? Vamos explorar juntos os mist\u00e9rios por tr\u00e1s do raro e fascinante azul na natureza e o incr\u00edvel fen\u00f4meno da iridesc\u00eancia!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sarah Vit\u00f3ria B. Carvalho e Gildo Girotto J\u00fanior\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 A luz solar abrange todo o espectro vis\u00edvel, al\u00e9m de comprimentos de onda invis\u00edveis para n\u00f3s. As subst\u00e2ncias coloridas absorvem certos comprimentos de onda e refletem outros. Quando observamos algo azul, \u00e9 porque a luz refletida possui um comprimento de onda entre 450 e 495 nm. Curiosamente, muitas das tonalidades azuis na natureza n\u00e3o s\u00e3o resultado de pigmentos, mas sim de um fen\u00f4meno \u00f3ptico intrigante chamado iridesc\u00eancia.[2-7]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Das mais de 280 000 esp\u00e9cies de plantas com flores conhecidas, menos de 10% produzem flores azuis. Nas flores, a cor azul vem de mol\u00e9culas que absorvem a parte vermelha do espectro vis\u00edvel. Esses pigmentos s\u00e3o chamados de antocianinas, que vem da express\u00e3o grega para \u201cflor azul\u201d (anthos = \u201cflor\u201d e kyanous = \u201cazul escuro\u201d). No entanto, essas mol\u00e9culas s\u00e3o grandes e complexas, o que torna dif\u00edcil para as plantas produzi-las. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[1-7]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 O azul \u00e9 raro nas plantas e ainda mais raro no reino animal. S\u00e3o poucos os animais que produzem pigmento azul, com algumas exce\u00e7\u00f5es como a borboleta <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nessaea obrinus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. A colora\u00e7\u00e3o azul em animais geralmente resulta da ingest\u00e3o de alimentos espec\u00edficos ou, mais comumente, de efeitos estruturais como a iridesc\u00eancia. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0[1-7]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>E O QUE \u00c9 IRIDESC\u00caNCIA?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 A iridesc\u00eancia \u00e9 um fen\u00f4meno \u00f3ptico onde as cores de uma superf\u00edcie mudam dependendo do \u00e2ngulo de vis\u00e3o ou da ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o. Esse efeito \u00e9 comumente observado em asas de borboletas, penas de pav\u00f5es, conchas de moluscos e bolhas de sab\u00e3o. Ao contr\u00e1rio dos pigmentos, a iridesc\u00eancia resulta da microestrutura da superf\u00edcie que interfere na luz que incide sobre ela. Por exemplo, as linhas circulares conc\u00eantricas de sulcos na superf\u00edcie de um CD t\u00eam tamanho e espa\u00e7amento semelhantes ao comprimento de onda da luz vis\u00edvel, o que resulta em uma iridesc\u00eancia colorida quando a luz incide sobre eles. Um efeito semelhante pode ser causado por pel\u00edculas finas e transparentes, que d\u00e3o \u00e0s bolhas de sab\u00e3o seu brilho iridescente. [2,3,5]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 No mundo animal, esse efeito pode ser gerado por micro e nanoestruturas localizadas na superf\u00edcie da pele, concha ou plumagem do animal. Essas estruturas precisam ser altamente organizadas para controlar a reflex\u00e3o da luz, amplificando ou atenuando determinadas frequ\u00eancias mais do que outras.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [2,5]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>E COMO ISSO ACONTECE?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Isso ocorre quando a estrutura f\u00edsica de um objeto faz com que as ondas de luz se combinem, um fen\u00f4meno conhecido como interfer\u00eancia. Na interfer\u00eancia construtiva, as ondas de luz se alinham para refor\u00e7ar a cor refletida, enquanto na interfer\u00eancia destrutiva, elas se anulam, escurecendo a cor. Conforme o \u00e2ngulo de vis\u00e3o muda, as cores do objeto iridescente tamb\u00e9m mudam, dependendo do grau de interfer\u00eancia. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0[1-5]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>ONDE ENCONTRAR A IRIDESC\u00caNCIA NA NATUREZA?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 A iridesc\u00eancia na natureza \u00e9 especialmente vis\u00edvel nas asas de borboletas como a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Graphium sarpedon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> e a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Morpho menelaus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As escamas microsc\u00f3picas dessas borboletas atuam como grades de difra\u00e7\u00e3o, refletindo a luz de forma iridescente. Segundo o estudo de Stavenga, Giraldo e Leertouwer as escamas de vidro das asas da <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Graphium sarpedon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> n\u00e3o apenas polarizam a iridesc\u00eancia, mas tamb\u00e9m real\u00e7am os pigmentos azuis\/verdes da membrana da asa. [1-5, 8-10]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Al\u00e9m das borboletas, a iridesc\u00eancia \u00e9 encontrada em peixes como a donzela azul <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Chrysiptera cyanea<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) e o peixe cirurgi\u00e3o-patela (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Paracanthurus hepatus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">), conhecido como Dory em &#8220;Procurando Nemo&#8221;. Em aves, a<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Parotia sefilata<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, uma ave-do-para\u00edso, exibe penas azuis iridescentes devido a nanoestruturas que refletem comprimentos de onda espec\u00edficos da luz, sendo um exemplo not\u00e1vel de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o para atrair parceiros durante rituais de acasalamento elaborados. [2,5]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Al\u00e9m disso, na flora, a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Beg\u00f4nia pavonina<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, planta tropical malaia, possui folhas azuis iridescentes gra\u00e7as a iridoplastia, estruturas dentro dos cloroplastos que refletem luz azul de maneira ordenada. Essa caracter\u00edstica permite \u00e0 Beg\u00f4nia pavonina capturar mais energia da luz verde que penetra na densa floresta tropical. [5]<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>VAMOS FALAR DAS APLICA\u00c7\u00d5ES TECNOL\u00d3GICAS?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 O estudo da iridesc\u00eancia n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas importante para a biologia, mas tamb\u00e9m apresenta implica\u00e7\u00f5es significativas em v\u00e1rias \u00e1reas tecnol\u00f3gicas. Por exemplo: \u00e9 altamente valorizada em cosm\u00e9ticos e tintas, criando efeitos de cor que variam com a luz e o \u00e2ngulo de vis\u00e3o. Isso \u00e9 comum em sombras de olhos, esmaltes de unhas e pinturas automotivas, adicionando um visual din\u00e2mico e atraente aos produtos. [11,12]\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 No setor da moda, tecidos iridescentes s\u00e3o usados para criar roupas e acess\u00f3rios que mudam de cor com o movimento e a luz, oferecendo um visual inovador e din\u00e2mico. Dessa forma, o estudo da iridesc\u00eancia n\u00e3o apenas aprofunda nosso entendimento da natureza, mas tamb\u00e9m inspira inova\u00e7\u00f5es em ci\u00eancia e engenharia. [11,12]\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Para ter acesso a imagens e mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre esse fascinante campo de pesquisa, consulte as refer\u00eancias bibliogr\u00e1ficas abaixo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>1-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">STAVENGA, Doekele G; GIRALDO, Marco A; LEERTOUWER, Hein L. Butterfly wing colors: glass scales of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Graphium sarpedon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> cause polarized iridescence and enhance blue\/green pigment coloration of the wing membrane. <\/span><b>Journal of Experimental Biology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Vol 213, edi\u00e7\u00e3o 10. 15 de mai. de 2010. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/213\/10\/1731\/9690\/Butterfly-wing-colors-glass-scales-of-Graphium\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/213\/10\/1731\/9690\/Butterfly-wing-colors-glass-scales-of-Graphium<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt;. Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>2-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PRUM, Richard O; TORRES, Rodolfo. Structural colouration of avian skin: convergent evolution of coherently scattering dermal collagen arrays. <\/span><b>Journal of Experimental Biology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Vol 206, edi\u00e7\u00e3o 14, 2409\u20132429. 15 de jul. de 2003. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/206\/14\/2409\/13691\/Structural-colouration-of-avian-skin-convergent\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/206\/14\/2409\/13691\/Structural-colouration-of-avian-skin-convergent<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt; Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>3-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">VUKUSIC, Pete; SAMBLES, J. Roy.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Photonic structures in biology. <\/span><b>Nature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 14 de ago. de 2003.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><b>&lt;<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature01941\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature0194<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt; Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>4-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WICKHAM, Shelley; LARGE, Maryanne C. J; POLADIAN, Leon; JERMIIN, Lars S.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exaggeration and suppression of iridescence: the evolution of two-dimensional butterfly structural colours. <\/span><b>Journal of the royal society interface<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">15 de set. de 2005. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full\/10.1098\/rsif.2005.0071?casa_token=T1k_Ga8Sk8IAAAAA%3An5ddy1LtAV710LTj9QTzgGgRHeVhLVmw8zXTuJhDks1pHXvz9qhHzLejTaAkl1LdQ0mgGMRhDDuNo32H\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full\/10.1098\/rsif.2005.0071?casa_token=T1k_Ga8Sk8IAAAAA%3An5ddy1LtAV710LTj9QTzgGgRHeVhLVmw8zXTuJhDks1pHXvz9qhHzLejTaAkl1LdQ0mgGMRhDDuNo32H<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt;\u00a0 Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>5-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BETTUC, Ottavia. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A cor na natureza: azul verdadeiro. <\/span><b>Science in School<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 13 de fev. de 2023. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinschool.org\/pt-pt\/article\/2023\/colour-in-nature-true-blue\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &lt;https:\/\/www.scienceinschool.org\/pt-pt\/article\/2023\/colour-in-nature-true-blue\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt; Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>6-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">STAM, Gilberto. Azul da natureza. <\/span><b>Revista Pesquisa Fapesp<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 03 de abr. de 2020. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/azul-da-natureza\/#:~:text=A%20cor%20azul%20%C3%A9%20abundante,uma%20cor%20ainda%20mais%20rara\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &lt;https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/azul-da-natureza\/#:~:text=A%20cor%20azul%20%C3%A9%20abundante,uma%20cor%20ainda%20mais%20rara<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt;.\u00a0 Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>7-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SAVERS, Green. Azul. O mist\u00e9rio da cor mais rara e desejada na natureza. <\/span><b>Green Savers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 18 de set. de 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/greensavers.sapo.pt\/o-misterio-da-cor-mais-desejada-porque-e-que-ha-tao-poucas-flores-azuis\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &lt;https:\/\/greensavers.sapo.pt\/o-misterio-da-cor-mais-desejada-porque-e-que-ha-tao-poucas-flores-azuis\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt;. Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>8-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">KERT\u00c9SZ, Kriszti\u00e1n; BAJI, Zs\u00f3fia; DE\u00c1K, Andr\u00e1s; PISZTER, G\u00e1bor; R\u00c1ZGA, Zsolt; B\u00c1LINT, Zsolt; BIR\u00d3, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 P\u00e9ter. Additive and subtractive modification of butterfly wing structural colors. <\/span><b>Science Direct<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. jan de 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2215038220301266\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2215038220301266<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt; \u00a0 Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>9-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">KERT\u00c9SZ, Kriszti\u00e1n; PISZTER, G\u00e1bor; JAKAB, Emma; B\u00c1LINT, Zsolt; V\u00c9RTESY, Zofia;\u00a0 BIR\u00d3, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 P\u00e9ter. Color change of Blue butterfly wing scales in an air \u2013 Vapor ambient. <\/span><b>Science Direct<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S016943321300069X?casa_token=yoW1Di4BhxkAAAAA:lRAR5rw8uHYyzlpjx2Ays8gYe4pVv2eaocmA8WNlE5kjtrcdlYRmq2ElC9YT_5P7phDrZLRl3bMh\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &lt;https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S016943321300069X?casa_token=yoW1Di4BhxkAAAAA:lRAR5rw8uHYyzlpjx2Ays8gYe4pVv2eaocmA8WNlE5kjtrcdlYRmq2ElC9YT_5P7phDrZLRl3bMh<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt;\u00a0 Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>10-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SIDDIQUE, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Radwanul Hasan et al. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Theoretical and experimental analysis of the structural pattern responsible for the iridescence of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Morpho<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> butterflies. <\/span><b>Optica Publishing Group<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 2013. Dispon\u00edvel em:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/oe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-21-12-14351&amp;id=257005\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/oe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-21-12-14351&amp;id=257005<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt;\u00a0 Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>11-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">IRIBARREN, Victor Echarri; MAESTRE, Carlos Rizo. Gloss, Light Reflection and Iridescence in Ceramic Tile Enamels Containing ZrO2 and ZnO. <\/span><b>MDPI<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6412\/10\/9\/854\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6412\/10\/9\/854<\/span><\/a><b>&gt;. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><b>12-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O que \u00e9 Iridescente?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><b>Defendi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/defendi.com.br\/glossario\/o-que-e-iridescente\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> https:\/\/defendi.com.br\/glossario\/o-que-e-iridescente\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 Voc\u00ea j\u00e1 se perguntou sobre a origem das cores que percebemos ou j\u00e1 ouviu falar da iridesc\u00eancia? \u00a0 Apesar de estar presente no c\u00e9u e no mar, o azul \u00e9 escasso na natureza, mas por que? Ser\u00e1 que essa cor acarreta alguma desvantagem? Vamos explorar juntos os mist\u00e9rios por tr\u00e1s do raro e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":411,"featured_media":2364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Voc\u00ea j\u00e1 se perguntou sobre a origem das cores que percebemos ou j\u00e1 ouviu falar da iridesc\u00eancia? \u00a0 Apesar de estar presente no c\u00e9u e no mar, o azul \u00e9 escasso na natureza, mas por que? Ser\u00e1 que essa cor acarreta alguma desvantagem? Vamos explorar juntos os mist\u00e9rios por tr\u00e1s do raro e fascinante azul na natureza e o incr\u00edvel fen\u00f4meno da iridesc\u00eancia!\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sarah Vit\u00f3ria B. Carvalho e Gildo Girotto J\u00fanior\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 A luz solar abrange todo o espectro vis\u00edvel, al\u00e9m de comprimentos de onda invis\u00edveis para n\u00f3s. As subst\u00e2ncias coloridas absorvem certos comprimentos de onda e refletem outros. Quando observamos algo azul, \u00e9 porque a luz refletida possui um comprimento de onda entre 450 e 495 nm. Curiosamente, muitas das tonalidades azuis na natureza n\u00e3o s\u00e3o resultado de pigmentos, mas sim de um fen\u00f4meno \u00f3ptico intrigante chamado iridesc\u00eancia.[2-7]<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Das mais de 280 000 esp\u00e9cies de plantas com flores conhecidas, menos de 10% produzem flores azuis. Nas flores, a cor azul vem de mol\u00e9culas que absorvem a parte vermelha do espectro vis\u00edvel. Esses pigmentos s\u00e3o chamados de antocianinas, que vem da express\u00e3o grega para \u201cflor azul\u201d (anthos = \u201cflor\u201d e kyanous = \u201cazul escuro\u201d). No entanto, essas mol\u00e9culas s\u00e3o grandes e complexas, o que torna dif\u00edcil para as plantas produzi-las. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1-7]\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 O azul \u00e9 raro nas plantas e ainda mais raro no reino animal. S\u00e3o poucos os animais que produzem pigmento azul, com algumas exce\u00e7\u00f5es como a borboleta <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nessaea obrinus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A colora\u00e7\u00e3o azul em animais geralmente resulta da ingest\u00e3o de alimentos espec\u00edficos ou, mais comumente, de efeitos estruturais como a iridesc\u00eancia. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0[1-7]\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>E O QUE \u00c9 IRIDESC\u00caNCIA?<\/b><\/h3><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 A iridesc\u00eancia \u00e9 um fen\u00f4meno \u00f3ptico onde as cores de uma superf\u00edcie mudam dependendo do \u00e2ngulo de vis\u00e3o ou da ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o. Esse efeito \u00e9 comumente observado em asas de borboletas, penas de pav\u00f5es, conchas de moluscos e bolhas de sab\u00e3o. Ao contr\u00e1rio dos pigmentos, a iridesc\u00eancia resulta da microestrutura da superf\u00edcie que interfere na luz que incide sobre ela. Por exemplo, as linhas circulares conc\u00eantricas de sulcos na superf\u00edcie de um CD t\u00eam tamanho e espa\u00e7amento semelhantes ao comprimento de onda da luz vis\u00edvel, o que resulta em uma iridesc\u00eancia colorida quando a luz incide sobre eles. Um efeito semelhante pode ser causado por pel\u00edculas finas e transparentes, que d\u00e3o \u00e0s bolhas de sab\u00e3o seu brilho iridescente. [2,3,5]<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 No mundo animal, esse efeito pode ser gerado por micro e nanoestruturas localizadas na superf\u00edcie da pele, concha ou plumagem do animal. Essas estruturas precisam ser altamente organizadas para controlar a reflex\u00e3o da luz, amplificando ou atenuando determinadas frequ\u00eancias mais do que outras.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> [2,5]\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>E COMO ISSO ACONTECE?<\/b><\/h3><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Isso ocorre quando a estrutura f\u00edsica de um objeto faz com que as ondas de luz se combinem, um fen\u00f4meno conhecido como interfer\u00eancia. Na interfer\u00eancia construtiva, as ondas de luz se alinham para refor\u00e7ar a cor refletida, enquanto na interfer\u00eancia destrutiva, elas se anulam, escurecendo a cor. Conforme o \u00e2ngulo de vis\u00e3o muda, as cores do objeto iridescente tamb\u00e9m mudam, dependendo do grau de interfer\u00eancia. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0[1-5]\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>ONDE ENCONTRAR A IRIDESC\u00caNCIA NA NATUREZA?<\/b><\/h3><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 A iridesc\u00eancia na natureza \u00e9 especialmente vis\u00edvel nas asas de borboletas como a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Graphium sarpedon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> e a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morpho menelaus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. As escamas microsc\u00f3picas dessas borboletas atuam como grades de difra\u00e7\u00e3o, refletindo a luz de forma iridescente. Segundo o estudo de Stavenga, Giraldo e Leertouwer as escamas de vidro das asas da <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Graphium sarpedon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> n\u00e3o apenas polarizam a iridesc\u00eancia, mas tamb\u00e9m real\u00e7am os pigmentos azuis\/verdes da membrana da asa. [1-5, 8-10]<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Al\u00e9m das borboletas, a iridesc\u00eancia \u00e9 encontrada em peixes como a donzela azul <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chrysiptera cyanea<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) e o peixe cirurgi\u00e3o-patela (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paracanthurus hepatus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), conhecido como Dory em \"Procurando Nemo\". Em aves, a<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Parotia sefilata<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, uma ave-do-para\u00edso, exibe penas azuis iridescentes devido a nanoestruturas que refletem comprimentos de onda espec\u00edficos da luz, sendo um exemplo not\u00e1vel de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o para atrair parceiros durante rituais de acasalamento elaborados. [2,5]<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Al\u00e9m disso, na flora, a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beg\u00f4nia pavonina<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, planta tropical malaia, possui folhas azuis iridescentes gra\u00e7as a iridoplastia, estruturas dentro dos cloroplastos que refletem luz azul de maneira ordenada. Essa caracter\u00edstica permite \u00e0 Beg\u00f4nia pavonina capturar mais energia da luz verde que penetra na densa floresta tropical. [5]<\/span><\/p><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>VAMOS FALAR DAS APLICA\u00c7\u00d5ES TECNOL\u00d3GICAS?<\/b><\/h3><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 O estudo da iridesc\u00eancia n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas importante para a biologia, mas tamb\u00e9m apresenta implica\u00e7\u00f5es significativas em v\u00e1rias \u00e1reas tecnol\u00f3gicas. Por exemplo: \u00e9 altamente valorizada em cosm\u00e9ticos e tintas, criando efeitos de cor que variam com a luz e o \u00e2ngulo de vis\u00e3o. Isso \u00e9 comum em sombras de olhos, esmaltes de unhas e pinturas automotivas, adicionando um visual din\u00e2mico e atraente aos produtos. [11,12]\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 No setor da moda, tecidos iridescentes s\u00e3o usados para criar roupas e acess\u00f3rios que mudam de cor com o movimento e a luz, oferecendo um visual inovador e din\u00e2mico. Dessa forma, o estudo da iridesc\u00eancia n\u00e3o apenas aprofunda nosso entendimento da natureza, mas tamb\u00e9m inspira inova\u00e7\u00f5es em ci\u00eancia e engenharia. [11,12]\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Para ter acesso a imagens e mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre esse fascinante campo de pesquisa, consulte as refer\u00eancias bibliogr\u00e1ficas abaixo.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>1-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">STAVENGA, Doekele G; GIRALDO, Marco A; LEERTOUWER, Hein L. Butterfly wing colors: glass scales of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Graphium sarpedon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cause polarized iridescence and enhance blue\/green pigment coloration of the wing membrane. <\/span><b>Journal of Experimental Biology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Vol 213, edi\u00e7\u00e3o 10. 15 de mai. de 2010. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/213\/10\/1731\/9690\/Butterfly-wing-colors-glass-scales-of-Graphium\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/213\/10\/1731\/9690\/Butterfly-wing-colors-glass-scales-of-Graphium<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt;. Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>2-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PRUM, Richard O; TORRES, Rodolfo. Structural colouration of avian skin: convergent evolution of coherently scattering dermal collagen arrays. <\/span><b>Journal of Experimental Biology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Vol 206, edi\u00e7\u00e3o 14, 2409\u20132429. 15 de jul. de 2003. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/206\/14\/2409\/13691\/Structural-colouration-of-avian-skin-convergent\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jeb\/article\/206\/14\/2409\/13691\/Structural-colouration-of-avian-skin-convergent<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>3-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VUKUSIC, Pete; SAMBLES, J. Roy.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Photonic structures in biology. <\/span><b>Nature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 14 de ago. de 2003.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><b>&lt;<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature01941\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature0194<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>4-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WICKHAM, Shelley; LARGE, Maryanne C. J; POLADIAN, Leon; JERMIIN, Lars S.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exaggeration and suppression of iridescence: the evolution of two-dimensional butterfly structural colours. <\/span><b>Journal of the royal society interface<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15 de set. de 2005. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full\/10.1098\/rsif.2005.0071?casa_token=T1k_Ga8Sk8IAAAAA%3An5ddy1LtAV710LTj9QTzgGgRHeVhLVmw8zXTuJhDks1pHXvz9qhHzLejTaAkl1LdQ0mgGMRhDDuNo32H\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full\/10.1098\/rsif.2005.0071?casa_token=T1k_Ga8Sk8IAAAAA%3An5ddy1LtAV710LTj9QTzgGgRHeVhLVmw8zXTuJhDks1pHXvz9qhHzLejTaAkl1LdQ0mgGMRhDDuNo32H<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt;\u00a0 Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>5-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BETTUC, Ottavia. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A cor na natureza: azul verdadeiro. <\/span><b>Science in School<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 13 de fev. de 2023. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceinschool.org\/pt-pt\/article\/2023\/colour-in-nature-true-blue\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &lt;https:\/\/www.scienceinschool.org\/pt-pt\/article\/2023\/colour-in-nature-true-blue\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>6-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">STAM, Gilberto. Azul da natureza. <\/span><b>Revista Pesquisa Fapesp<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 03 de abr. de 2020. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/azul-da-natureza\/#:~:text=A%20cor%20azul%20%C3%A9%20abundante,uma%20cor%20ainda%20mais%20rara\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &lt;https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/azul-da-natureza\/#:~:text=A%20cor%20azul%20%C3%A9%20abundante,uma%20cor%20ainda%20mais%20rara<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt;.\u00a0 Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>7-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SAVERS, Green. Azul. O mist\u00e9rio da cor mais rara e desejada na natureza. <\/span><b>Green Savers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 18 de set. de 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/greensavers.sapo.pt\/o-misterio-da-cor-mais-desejada-porque-e-que-ha-tao-poucas-flores-azuis\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &lt;https:\/\/greensavers.sapo.pt\/o-misterio-da-cor-mais-desejada-porque-e-que-ha-tao-poucas-flores-azuis\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt;. Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>8-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KERT\u00c9SZ, Kriszti\u00e1n; BAJI, Zs\u00f3fia; DE\u00c1K, Andr\u00e1s; PISZTER, G\u00e1bor; R\u00c1ZGA, Zsolt; B\u00c1LINT, Zsolt; BIR\u00d3, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 P\u00e9ter. Additive and subtractive modification of butterfly wing structural colors. <\/span><b>Science Direct<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. jan de 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2215038220301266\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2215038220301266<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; \u00a0 Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>9-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KERT\u00c9SZ, Kriszti\u00e1n; PISZTER, G\u00e1bor; JAKAB, Emma; B\u00c1LINT, Zsolt; V\u00c9RTESY, Zofia;\u00a0 BIR\u00d3, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 P\u00e9ter. Color change of Blue butterfly wing scales in an air \u2013 Vapor ambient. <\/span><b>Science Direct<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S016943321300069X?casa_token=yoW1Di4BhxkAAAAA:lRAR5rw8uHYyzlpjx2Ays8gYe4pVv2eaocmA8WNlE5kjtrcdlYRmq2ElC9YT_5P7phDrZLRl3bMh\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &lt;https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S016943321300069X?casa_token=yoW1Di4BhxkAAAAA:lRAR5rw8uHYyzlpjx2Ays8gYe4pVv2eaocmA8WNlE5kjtrcdlYRmq2ElC9YT_5P7phDrZLRl3bMh<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt;\u00a0 Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>10-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SIDDIQUE, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Radwanul Hasan et al. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theoretical and experimental analysis of the structural pattern responsible for the iridescence of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morpho<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> butterflies. <\/span><b>Optica Publishing Group<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2013. Dispon\u00edvel em:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/oe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-21-12-14351&amp;id=257005\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/oe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-21-12-14351&amp;id=257005<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt;\u00a0 Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>11-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IRIBARREN, Victor Echarri; MAESTRE, Carlos Rizo. Gloss, Light Reflection and Iridescence in Ceramic Tile Enamels Containing ZrO2 and ZnO. <\/span><b>MDPI<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Dispon\u00edvel em: &lt;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6412\/10\/9\/854\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6412\/10\/9\/854<\/span><\/a><b>&gt;. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>12-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O que \u00e9 Iridescente?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><b>Defendi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Dispon\u00edvel em:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/defendi.com.br\/glossario\/o-que-e-iridescente\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> https:\/\/defendi.com.br\/glossario\/o-que-e-iridescente\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Acesso em: 16 de jul. de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-https-www-blogs-unicamp-br-salav-textos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>O ENIGMA DO AZUL NA NATUREZA: DESVENDANDO A IRIDESC\u00caNCIA - Sala V<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.blogs.unicamp.br\/salav\/?p=2363\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O ENIGMA DO AZUL NA NATUREZA: DESVENDANDO A IRIDESC\u00caNCIA - Sala V\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0 \u00a0 Voc\u00ea j\u00e1 se perguntou sobre a origem das cores que percebemos ou j\u00e1 ouviu falar da iridesc\u00eancia? \u00a0 Apesar de estar presente no c\u00e9u e no mar, o azul \u00e9 escasso na natureza, mas por que? Ser\u00e1 que essa cor acarreta alguma desvantagem? 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